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2025
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Vita Annonis Minor (c.1180)
Hagiographic biography of Archbishop Anno II of Cologne, compiled by Siegburg Abbey monks around 1180 as canonization evidence, demonstrating how 12th-century reformist ideology transformed a controversial political figure into an exemplar of episcopal sanctity through miracle narratives and ascetic idealization. Read more -
Conflictus de Deo Trino et Uno (c.449-451)
A theological dialogue defending Chalcedonian Christology against Monophysite objections, written during the critical period surrounding the Council of Chalcedon (451). Presents the orthodox doctrine of Christ's two natures in one person through a debate between Arnobius (representing Rome) and Serapion (representing Egyptian Monophysites). Read more -
Libellus de Laude Eremi (c.428)
Eucherius of Lyon's epistle to Hilary of Arles defending the eremitical life through biblical precedents and classical rhetorical techniques, illustrating 5th-century Gallic monastic theology and its adaptation of Desert Father traditions. Read more -
De Spiritus Sancti Potentia (c.335–414)
A catechetical treatise on the power of the Holy Spirit written for baptismal candidates as part of his third instructional book De fide unicae maiestatis, demonstrating early 5th-century pneumatological doctrine in the missionary context of Dacia. Read more -
Sermones (c.400–490)
Homiletical works that demonstrate the intersection of Lérins monastic spirituality and pastoral preaching in late antique Gaul. Read more -
Epistola ad Childebertum (c.537-538)
Leo of Sens's letter to King Childebert I (c. 537-538) protesting the king's attempt to create a new bishopric at Melun, illustrating the ecclesiastical-political conflicts arising from the fragmentation of church authority across divided Merovingian kingdoms. Read more -
Responsio de salute primi hominis (c.1160)
Philip of Harveng's scholastic treatise examining Adam's salvation, original sin, and human nature through systematic theological inquiry characteristic of 12th-century monastic scholarship. Read more -
Exorcismus (c. 500-600)
An ancient Latin exorcism prayer of unknown authorship, falsely attributed to St. Ambrose, representing one of the earliest recorded baptismal exorcism formulas from the Ambrosian liturgical tradition of Milan (c. 500-600 CE), featuring dramatic biblical imagery and Trinitarian theology in the preparation of catechumens for Christian initiation. Read more -
Potamii Olisiponensis Tractatus de martyrio Isaiae (c. 355)
Fourth-century homiletic text in which Potamius of Lisbon examines the martyrdom of Isaiah through a combination of anatomical description and theological exposition. The treatise employs rhetorical techniques to present the prophet's death as a demonstration of spiritual victory, exemplifying early Iberian Christian literature during the post-Nicene period. Read more -
De profectu mortis (c. 1200)
Renier of St. Laurent's theological treatise examines death through the lens of Christian spiritual advancement, reframing mortality not as an end but as a progression toward divine union, while offering pastoral guidance on detachment from worldly concerns and preparation for a holy death. Read more -
De Fide ad Petrum (c.519)
A concise theological compendium from a leading North African bishop defending Nicene Trinitarianism, Chalcedonian Christology, and Augustinian soteriology against heretical movements of the early 6th century, while presenting a systematic "rule of faith" for orthodox Christians living under Arian Vandal rule. Read more -
Epistolae de Sanctus Leo III Pontifex Romanus (c.800)
Letters from Pope Leo III's pontificate (795-816) illuminating the complex alliance between papal authority and Carolingian power, containing diplomatic correspondence with Charlemagne, responses to ecclesiastical disputes in England, and theological positions on controversial doctrines like the Filioque. Read more -
De Pelagiana Haeresi, S Leonis Magni Aevo Gliscente (c.445)
This historical-theological compilation documents Pope Leo the Great's decisive campaign against Pelagianism in 5th-century Italy, demonstrating how his papal authority consolidated Augustine's doctrines on grace, original sin, and salvation throughout the Western Church. Read more -
De Eutychiana haeresi et historia (c.450)
Leo the Great's systematic treatise addressing the Eutychian controversy, chronicling the turbulent events from Eutyches' condemnation in 448 through the "Robber Council" of 449 to the triumph of orthodox Christology at Chalcedon in 451. Read more -
Libellus contra Maximum Arianum (c.484)
This 5th-century treatise by Bishop Cerealis of Castellum directly addresses Arian challenges to Nicene orthodoxy in Vandal-controlled North Africa, methodically assembling Scripture passages to affirm the full divinity of Christ and the doctrine of the Trinity without relying on philosophical arguments or ecclesiastical authority. Read more -
De Quatuor Voluntatibus in Christo (c.1130)
Hugh of St. Victor's treatise analyzes Christ's volitional framework through a fourfold schema: the divine will (voluntas divinitatis) directed toward justice, the rational human will (voluntas rationis) aligned with divine purpose, the compassionate will (voluntas pietatis) oriented toward mercy, and the natural will (voluntas carnis) that responds to physical suffering.... Read more -
Liber de conceptu virginali et originali peccato (c.1099)
Anselm's theological treatise explores the intersection of the Virgin Birth and original sin, presenting a sophisticated understanding of sin as privation of original righteousness rather than a positive corruption transmitted through procreation, while affirming Mary's supreme purity among created beings yet maintaining Christ alone was conceived without sin. Read more -
Responsio de damnatione Salomonis (c.1150)
A 12th-century theological treatise by Philip of Harveng addressing the controversial question of whether King Solomon was saved or damned, arguing that despite his wisdom and achievements, Solomon's unrepented idolatry in his later years led to his damnation—a moral warning about the necessity of perseverance in faith until death. Read more -
Passio S. Mauricii et sociorum (c.450)
A fifth-century hagiographical text by Eucherius of Lyon documenting the martyrdom of the Theban Legion, examining the theological tension between military duty and Christian faith while establishing a paradigm for conscientious objection within late antique Christianity. Read more -
Libellus emendationis (c. 418)
The Libellus emendationis, written by the Gallic monk Leporius around 418 AD, represents a pivotal theological self-retraction that addresses early Christological controversies. Under Augustine's guidance, this confession recants proto-Nestorian views on Christ's nature and anticipates orthodox formulations on the incarnation, making it a significant bridge between Western and Eastern theological... Read more -
Epistolae et decreta Felicis Papae IV (c.530)
A comprehensive analysis of Pope Felix IV's letters and decrees (526-530 CE), revealing his influence on clerical discipline, church governance, and theological doctrine during a period of political transition under Ostrogothic rule. The collection demonstrates Felix's exercise of papal authority in addressing Semi-Pelagianism through his doctrinal guidance to the Council... Read more -
Explanatio in Ferculum Salomonis (c.853-856)
Hincmar of Rheims' allegorical commentary on Song of Songs 3:9-11, interpreting Solomon's couch as the Church united with Christ, written as spiritual counsel for Charles the Bald's Carolingian court. The text combines patristic exegesis with political theology, exploring ecclesiological symbolism through cedar wood (faithful souls), silver pillars (apostolic teaching), and... Read more -
Roriconis Constitutio (c. 961)
The Constitutio of Roricon, Bishop of Laon (961), documents his revival of the Abbey of St. Vincent after Viking devastation by importing twelve monks from Fleury. This charter reveals 10th-century monastic reform efforts, ecclesiastical governance structures, and the theological belief that monastery restoration served as spiritual penance. Confirmed at the... Read more -
Sancti Valerii Abbatis Opuscula (c.695)
Comprehensive analysis of Saint Valerius of Bierzo's collected works preserved in Patrologia Latina Volume 87, revealing the spiritual, literary and historical significance of this late 7th-century Visigothic hermit-monk whose writings combine autobiographical narratives, visionary accounts, ascetic teachings, and innovative acrostic poetry during the final decades before the Islamic conquest of... Read more -
Liber adversus Joannem Scotum (c.852)
A scholarly polemic by Florus of Lyon that methodically dismantles John Scotus Eriugena's rationalistic approach to predestination, defending Augustinian theology through authoritative citations while articulating a nuanced position that affirms both divine sovereignty and human responsibility in the 9th-century Carolingian theological debate. Read more -
Libellus de Waldrada (c.862)
The Libellus de Waldrada is a 9th-century legal-theological brief authored by Bishop Adventius of Metz defending King Lothar II's attempt to divorce Queen Theutberga and legitimize his relationship with his mistress Waldrada. This partisan document reflects the tension between royal desire and ecclesiastical authority, ultimately provoking Pope Nicholas I's fierce... Read more -
Opusculum de vigiliis servorum Dei (c.400)
A concise 4th-century treatise by Saint Nicetas of Remesiana defending nocturnal prayer vigils, long misattributed to other Church Fathers, that blends scriptural exhortation with pastoral sensitivity to establish night prayer as an ancient, Christ-centered spiritual discipline vital for Christian formation in newly converted communities along the Roman frontier. Read more -
Quomodo per annum jejunandum sit (c. 850-883)
Bertharius's 9th-century treatise on fasting from Monte Cassino systematically outlines monastic fasting practices throughout the liturgical year, including Ember Days and feast vigils. This significant document reveals the theological understanding of fasting as penitential labor with quantifiable spiritual benefits, preserves early medieval liturgical customs, and demonstrates the integration of ascetic... Read more -
Liber de grandine et tonitruis (c.820)
An influential Carolingian treatise by Archbishop Agobard of Lyon (c. 820) refuting the widespread folk belief in weather-making sorcerers (tempestarii). The text presents theological arguments that only God controls weather phenomena, recounts the author's intervention to save alleged "sky sailors" from lynching, and represents an early rational approach to natural... Read more -
De Sex Dierum Creatione (c.700)
Latin text and English translation of "On the Six Days of Creation," a medieval treatise attributed to Bede that systematically examines the Genesis creation narrative through patristic sources, offering theological interpretations of each creation day from the genesis of light to the Sabbath rest. Read more -
De glorificatione Trinitatis et processione sancti Spiritus (c.1128)
Rupert of Deutz's final major theological work defends the Western "double procession" (Filioque) doctrine through extensive biblical exegesis, presenting the Holy Spirit as the bond of love between Father and Son and structuring his argument around the sevenfold gifts of the Spirit. Written amidst 12th-century theological disputes and sent to... Read more -
Liber de Synodis seu Fide Orientalium (c.358)
Hilary of Poitiers' influential theological treatise written in 358/359 AD during his exile in the East, analyzing and explaining Eastern synodal creeds to Western bishops. The work defends Nicene orthodoxy while building bridges between "homoousios" (same substance) and "homoiousios" (like substance) theological positions, demonstrating that many differences between Eastern and... Read more -
De Partu Virginis (c.847)
Carolingian monk Paschasius Radbertus's influential theological treatise defending Mary's miraculous virginity during childbirth against contemporaries who argued for a natural birth, employing patristic citations and scriptural typology to demonstrate that Christ's birth, like His conception and resurrection, transcended natural laws while preserving His true humanity. Read more -
Libri Carolini (c.790)
The Libri Carolini, commissioned by Charlemagne and authored primarily by Theodulf of Orléans, represents the Carolingian response to the Second Council of Nicaea's (787) endorsement of icon veneration. This comprehensive theological treatise articulates a nuanced middle position—accepting images for didactic and decorative purposes while rejecting their veneration as potentially idolatrous.... Read more -
Contra Graecorum Opposita (c.868)
Latin text and English translation of Ratramnus of Corbie's influential 9th-century treatise defending Western Christianity against Byzantine criticisms during the Photian Schism, offering sophisticated arguments for the Filioque doctrine, papal primacy, and the legitimacy of Latin liturgical practices while distinguishing between essential matters of faith and acceptable diversity in customs.... Read more -
Commentaria in Apocalypsin (c.540)
Primasius of Hadrumetum's "Commentary on Revelation" represents a pivotal 6th-century work that preserved Tyconius's interpretive approach while purging it of Donatist elements. Drawing on Augustine's amillennial theology, Primasius reads Revelation allegorically as depicting the Church's spiritual struggle against evil rather than a chronological end-times prophecy. His commentary became foundational for... Read more -
Epistola consolatoria ad Arcadium (c.437-440)
A powerful consolatory letter from Bishop Honoratus Antoninus to Arcadius, a Roman official awaiting martyrdom for refusing to renounce Nicene Christianity under Vandal rule. The text blends urgent pastoral exhortation with Trinitarian apologetics, depicting martyrdom as victory, emphasizing divine aid, and warning against apostasy. This rare primary source illuminates Catholic... Read more -
Epistolae duae Mappinii Episcopi Remensis (c.550)
Two surviving letters from Mappinius, Bishop of Reims (c.535-550), offer a window into Merovingian ecclesiastical politics: one addresses Bishop Vilicus of Metz with warm congratulations before inquiring about pig prices, while the second reveals tensions with Nicetius of Trier over excommunications for incestuous marriages and King Theudebald's intervention at the... Read more -
Confessio et Confessio prolixior (c. 849)
These two confessional writings by Gottschalk of Orbais, a 9th-century Saxon monk-theologian, represent a pivotal moment in Carolingian theological controversy. The shorter Confessio serves as a concise doctrinal manifesto asserting double predestination, while the longer Confessio prolixior—uniquely structured as a prayer to God—elaborates these Augustinian views in defiance of ecclesiastical... Read more -
Concilium Rhemense praeside Seulfo (c. 923-924)
The Council of Rheims under Archbishop Seulfus (923-924) stands as a remarkable ecclesiastical response to civil war, imposing equal penance on all combatants of the Battle of Soissons regardless of faction. Held amid the collapse of Carolingian authority and political chaos, this provincial synod demonstrated the Church's moral authority by... Read more -
Libellus de Mundi Duratione (c. 397 AD)
Hilarianus's 4th-century treatise "Libellus de Mundi Duratione" calculates a 6,000-year timeline of world history based on biblical chronology, concluding Christ would return around 498 AD. As one of the last explicit defenses of premillennial eschatology in Latin Christianity before Augustine's amillennial view became dominant, it represents a crucial transition point... Read more -
Epistola de cynocephalis (c.865)
Ratramnus of Corbie's 9th-century theological letter examining whether dog-headed people possess rational souls, using their cultural practices as evidence of humanity despite their monstrous appearance. Historical Context Date and Authorship: The Epistola de cynocephalis is a mid-9th-century Latin letter written by Ratramnus of Corbie, a Frankish monk and theologian (d.... Read more -
De Ordine Creaturarum (c.670-700)
A 7th-century Irish synthesis of biblical cosmology and natural philosophy that shaped medieval understanding of universal order through its hierarchical organization of all creation from the Trinity to the material world, incorrectly attributed to Isidore of Seville until modern scholarship revealed its Hiberno-Latin origins. Read more -
Vita Sancti Odonis Abbatis Cluniacensis Secundi (c. 943)
John of Salerno's intimate 10th-century hagiography of St. Odo, written just months after the abbot's death, provides crucial insights into early Cluniac spirituality, monastic reform practices, and the charismatic leadership that transformed Western monasticism during a turbulent period of ecclesiastical history. Read more -
Expositio brevis antiquae liturgiae Gallicanae (c.700)
Examines the ancient Gallican liturgy, with its distinctive ceremonial elements and theological symbolism that differed significantly from the Roman Rite before Carolingian reforms. Read more -
Defensio Eruditionis Hieronymianae (c.1700)
Latin text and English translation of Martianay's defense of St. Jerome against Jean Le Clerc's Enlightenment criticisms, revealing the clash between traditional Catholic scholarship and emerging modern biblical critique. Read more